这里有几道高中英语的选择题,但我不知道为什么选那个标准答案.

这里有几道高中英语的选择题,但我不知道为什么选那个标准答案.
1.Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons_____ they were fond of_____ influenced their whole lives.( D )
A.which;that B.that;which
C.which;which D.that;that
2.He didn't want to see anybody,so he spent six hours_____ in the small room.( A )
A.locked B.to lock
C.locking D.being locked
3._____after a long walk,Kate called and said she couldn't come to the party.( A )
A.Worn out B.Having worn out
C.To be worn out D.To wear out
4.--Did you ask Peter where____ for the winter vacation
--No.I didn't,but I will.( A )
A.he went B.had he gone
C.he goes D.was he going
5.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_____.
( C )
A.the other is white B.another white
C.the other white D.another is white
请分析一下句子,在比较一下这几个选项.这几道题我都不懂,请说详细一点.

1.D
第一空,that是定语从句they were fond of的关系代词.它等同于先行词their primary school teachers and their lessons.因为该先行词既有人有物,且充当be fond of的宾语,所以只能用that,不过也可以省略.
第二空,that是主句的谓语said的宾语从句采用的强调句型的引导词that.
强调句型结构如下：
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子未被强调的部分.
其最大特点是：去掉It is/was和that之后,剩下部分可以构成一个完整的句子（有时需要调整句序）.
该题上述结构对应如下：
It was + 被强调部分（their primary school teachers and their lessons that they were fond of） + that + 句子未被强调的部分（influenced their whole lives）.
去掉It is/was和that之后,剩下部分刚好是一个完整的句子(打括号部分为定语从句)：
Their primary school teachers and their lessons (that they were fond of) influenced their whole lives.
2.A
He didn't want to see anybody,so he spent six hours_____ in the small room.
此处并不是sb spend some time (in) doing sth的固定句型.
因为如果照此翻译,则句意为“他花费了六个小时锁（锁谁呢?）在那个小房间里”.此句不通,一则及物动词lock无宾语(himself),二则动词的“锁”lock是个瞬间性动词,不能延续六个小时之久.
此题是把locked in the small room作为伴随状语,spent翻译为“度过”.因为lock和主语he之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词locked表示被锁住的状态.
此时句子翻译为：他不想见任何人,所以他把自己锁在那个小房间里,度过了六个小时.
B用不定式做目的状语,一则句意不通顺,二则lock后面也缺少宾语himself；
D用现在分词的被动结构,而此时既不表示进行,也不能用spend some time in doing sth结构,排除.
3.A
固定短语：sb be worn out“某人精疲力竭/累坏了”,即sb和wear out之间是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词短语作原因状语,排除表主动关系的B（其表被动时应为having been worn out）；
而CD都是用不定式放在句首做目的状语,句意明显不通顺,排除.
4.A
where____ for the winter vacation是问句中ask的宾语从句,所以必须使用“疑问词where + 陈述句”结构,而BD都不是陈述句的句序,除非分别把has/was放到gone/going的前面,排除BD；
而C使用了一般现在时,明显不符合该动作发生的时间,和主句的did也不对应.
5.C
此题使用了省略的语法:如果句子的一些结构在上句中已经出现,为了避免重复啰嗦,一般可以把类似结构省略.
即：and the other white = and the other (sides of the board should be painted) white
sides of the board should be painted在上句中已经出现过,所以后句对此加以省略.
前句是should be painted,所以后句不可能出现is,排除AD；
而another表示“另外一边”,而句意为“the board的其他所有sides”,排除B.