英语翻译THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA REPORTING ON on Civil Justice Decis

英语翻译
THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA REPORTING ON on Civil Justice Decision Making
Jennifer K.Robbennolt
The misperceptions held by both lay decision makers and professionals can in- fluence a variety of legally related judgments as public perceptions shape decision making.In addition to the potential for coloring observers’ confidence in the author- ity and fairness of the law,many decisions made under uncertainty in the course of civil litigation are dependent on perceptions of civil litigation processes and estimates of likely trial outcomes.These perceptions and expectations may potentially influence decisions made by factfinders at trial,by litigants in civil disputes,by those who may potentially become involved in civil lawsuits in the future,and by those responsible for making policy decisions that affect the civil justice system.
Decision Making at Trial
The effect of the news media on perceptions of civil litigation has the potential to affect decision making in civil trials.If decision-makers do not recognize that the cases presented in the media are a skewed and atypical sample,news reports may instead be viewed as a standard by which to judge other cases.This could have a variety of consequences for decision-making,including the potential for jurors to award above-average amounts in damages which might then spur more media reports about a litigation crisis and runaway juries.
Judicial Decision Making
The potential influences of media news reporting on trial decisions are not limited to the sets of decisions detailed above,nor are they limited to juror or jury decision-making.As noted above,even legally trained actors may have mispercep- tions about the civil justice system.Moreover,recent experimental research has demonstrated that judges are susceptible to many of the same judgmental errors as are other hu- man beings (see Guthrie,Rachlinski,& Wistrich,2001; see Landsman & Rakos,1994 discussed above).However,compared to studies of jurors,there is a striking lack of experimental research examining the influences on judicial decision making in gen- eral and the influence of the media more specifically.Future research might address questions about how media reports influence decisions that judges must make in the course of a civil case (e.g.,case management decisions,evidentiary rulings,etc.).For example,would judges who were exposed to reports about frivolous litigation or about delay and backlog in the courts be more likely to dismiss a case or to urge the parties to settle?In addition,research might examine differences in the relative impact of the media on jurors and judges,given judges’ more direct experience with the system.

媒体报道对司法审判决策的影响
Jennifer K.Robbennolt （这是作者自己音译下）
外行的决策人与专家持有的误解会影响到各种与法律相关的决策,因为公众认知会制约决策的制定.除了扭曲观察员对法律的权威与公正的潜在可能性外,很多在民事诉讼法庭上做出的判决的不稳定性取决于对民事诉讼程序的认知和对判决结果的预测.这些认知与预测可能潜在地影响由法庭上的检察员、民事诉讼当事人、今后可能卷入民事诉讼的那些人以及那些负责做出影响民事诉讼体系的决策的人所做的决定.
审判中的决策
新闻媒体对民事诉讼认知的影响对民事审判的最终决策有潜在的影响力.如果决策人无法认知到呈现在新闻媒体上的只是一个被歪曲和非典型的案例的话,新闻报道就有可能被那些需要对其它案件做出判决的人当成一个标准案例.这可能会导致各种各样的决策后果,包括陪审员有可能做出超过半数以上的损失赔偿的判决从而引起媒体关于诉讼危机和失控的陪审团的更多的新闻报道.
司法裁决的制定
新闻媒体报道对审判决策的潜在影响并不仅仅局限于前面详述的一系列决策,也不仅限于陪审员和陪审员的决策.如前所述,即使是经过法律培训的参与者都可能对民事审判体系产生误解.而且,最近的实验性研究表明法官和其他人一样也很容易受到很多相同的审判错误的影响.（以上论述的见Guthrie,Rachlinski,& Wistrich,2001；Landsman & Rakos,1994 ）.然而,相比对陪审员的研究,用于检测一般性的司法裁决制定的影响的实验性研究显著缺乏而媒体的影响则显得更具体.今后的研究将致力于关于媒体报道是如何影响到法官在民事案件审理过程中的裁决的（比如个案管理裁决、证据裁决等）.比如,那些经常因无关紧要的诉讼或者因延迟和堆积案件而被媒体披露的法官是不是会更倾向于不受理案子或者催促当事人解决?另外,通过提供给法官更多的系统内的直接经验,研究将就媒体对陪审员和法官的相关影响的不同点进行调查.
很辛苦啊,