介绍一些简单的英语语法知识.
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介绍一些简单的英语语法知识.
1.词性(什么叫形容词 名词之类的)
2.在什么词之后用什么词.
3.will be和will have的用法.为什么有时will be 用而有时用will have
1.词性(什么叫形容词 名词之类的)
2.在什么词之后用什么词.
3.will be和will have的用法.为什么有时will be 用而有时用will have
![介绍一些简单的英语语法知识.](/uploads/image/z/5765840-8-0.jpg?t=%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%EF%BC%8E)
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔.
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩.
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩.
数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔.
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生.
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩.
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆.
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔.
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔.
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom.
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆.
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做.
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的.
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩.
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔.
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆.
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个.
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语.
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a.表示时态,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌.
He has got married.他已结婚.
b.表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英国.
c.构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him.我不喜欢他.
e.加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that.他的确知道那件事.
3) 最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would
主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔.
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩.
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩.
数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔.
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生.
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩.
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆.
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔.
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔.
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom.
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆.
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做.
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的.
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩.
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔.
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆.
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个.
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语.
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a.表示时态,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌.
He has got married.他已结婚.
b.表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英国.
c.构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him.我不喜欢他.
e.加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that.他的确知道那件事.
3) 最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would