我要一篇描述少数民族风俗特点的文章,最好几篇,但至少一篇,

我要一篇描述少数民族风俗特点的文章,最好几篇,但至少一篇,
如题

1.壮族:
The Zhuang Minority is the most populous of China's Nationalities, and one of the best integrated with the Han. Zhuang origins go back well before the time of Christ. They share with the Dai (ethnic kin of the people of Thailand) common linguistic roots and love of festival singing and dancing. The Zhuang have had a close affiliation with the Han for centuries. The Zhuang are found in the Provinces of Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and the Guangxi Autonomous Region. They speak a language related to Thai, but many speak Chinese. The Chinese written language was formerly used, but in 1955 a Zhuang written language based on Latin letters was devised. Religions include Buddhism, Daoism, ancestor worship and Christianity. They are part of the Sino-Tibetan Thai ethno linguistic group.
2.满族
Manchu history can be traced back to the Sushen people who lived 2000 years ago. They were the earliest ancestors of the Manchu. In the Liao, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, they were called "Nuchen". At the end of the 16th century, with the appearance of Nurhachi, the tribes of Nuchen were unified and a new nationality - Manchu - came into being, consisting of Nuchens, Hans, Mongolians and Koreans. With the founding of the Qing Dynasty in 1644, the Manchu reached its golden age. The Manchu, once herders and hunters, conquered China in the 17th century
3.回族
About a third of Ningxia Autonomous Region is Hui people, living mostly in the south of the region. The Hui minority are descended from the Arab and Iranian traders who traveled to China during the Tang Dynasty. Immigrants from Central Asia increased their numbers during the Yuan Dynasty. They are involved in many occupations, with the Hui working as shop and restaurant keepers, artisans and peasants.
4.苗族
The Miao are one of the most ancient of China's nationalities, tracing their origins back more than 4,000 years. Prior to modernization of farming methods, they grew millet and buckwheat using the slash-and-burn methods. The Miao language has three main dialects, but there was no unified written script until 1956. Religions include nature and ancestor worship and Christianity.
Dispersed from southern China across northern Vietnam, Laos, and into Thailand, the Miao (also known as the Hmong), vary in dialect, styles of farming, and designation: Black, White, Red, blue, Flowery, and Cowrie Shell Miao among others. Forced southward by the Han, often despised and exploited, many settled in distant mountains, raising millet and buckwheat by slash-and-burn farming, their diet supplemented by domestic animals and hunting. Modernization, improved farming methods, organization of communes, and road building has been made difficult by the ragged terrain in which the Miao are scattered. The Miao are found in the Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu, Guizhou, Qinghai, Hunan, Guangdong, and Yunnan Provinces and the Guangxi Autonomous Region. They are part of the Sino-Tibetan Miao-Yao ethno linguistic group.
About 195 km almost directly east of Guiyang in the town of Kaili. Kaili is a fairly uninspiring place but the area is host to a large number of minority festivals, over 130 annually. One of the largest is the Lusheng Festival, held from the 11th to the 18th of the first lunar month. The lusheng is a reed instrument used by the Miao people. Activities include playing the lusheng, dancing, drumming, bull fighting, and horse racing. Participants are said to number 30,000. The festival is held in Danxi. Other festivals are held midway in the 7th lunar month and in their New Year. Their New Year is celebrated in the first four days of the 10th lunar month by some 50,000 people.
About 752,000 Miao live in Yunnan Province scattered over eighty-seven counties. They are good at weaving, embroidery and Batik. Their excellent craftsmanship is well known.
5.维吾尔族
The Uygur are a Turkic people who ran a major empire on what is now Mongolia from 744 to 840. The Uygur converted to Islam over several centuries. The history of the Uygur can be traced back as far as the Huihe of the Tang dynasty. Most Uygurs farm fields watered by snowmelt. Others work in state-run crafts and cooperatives, textile factories, or carpets mills. The Silk Road threading through Xinjiang's deserts and mountains carried China's trade westward and eventually opened the way for Islam's expansion eastward. Seven of the 12 minorities here are Muslim, most speak Turkic languages and for centuries used Arabic script. The Uygur, once called "high carts" raise fruit, wheat, cotton, and rice by extensive irrigation. Their faces combine Indo-Iranian and Mongoloid features. The Uygur are found in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. They are part of the Altaic Turkic ethno linguistic group.
6.彝族
The ancestors of the Yi ethnic group can be traced back to the Qiang people living in northwest China. They later migrated south and joined the local southwest aboriginal and created a new group, the Yi ethnic group. The Yi people have their own language, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Zang-Mian Austronesian of Han-Zang Phylum. Yi characters, as the earliest syllabic script in China, were formed in the 13th century and are still used today. A number of works of history, literature and medicine as well as genealogies of the ruling families written in the old Yi script are still seen in most Yi areas.
Due to cultural and economic exchanges with the Han, more and more Yi people learn to use the Han language and characters in daily life. Most Yi people engage in agriculture and a small percentage of them raise livestock. People living in the plains take rice, maize, wheat and yams as their staple food while those in the frigid mountainous areas mostly depend on maize, buckwheat and yams. Complements to their main food source include vegetable, legume, fruits, pork, mutton and beef. Fierce warriors, the Yi evolved an aristocratic society. Even their slaves had slaves. They based their religion on the reading of sacred writings. The Yi are found mainly in the Yunnan Province and also in Sichuan, Guizhou Provinces and the Guangxi Autonomous Region. The Yi people in southern Yunnan live in two-story adobe houses. The kitchen and cattle shed are usually on the first floor, and the living room is on the second. The flat roof is used as a veranda. They are part of the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman ethno linguistic group.
7.朝鲜族
Koreans immigrants have been filtering into China for centuries. They began in the seventeenth century, but did not occur in sizable numbers until the nineteenth. Once rice growers, they have lately joined in the industrialization of The Chinese Northeast. Recently due to the famine and troubles in North Korea, more and more are fleeing into China. China has imposed harsh penalties on anyone harboring illegal Koreans to stem the tide of new arrivals. The Koreans are found in Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning Provinces near the Korean border. This nationality's culture and language are the same as in Korea. They are part of the Altaic Korean ethno linguistic group. The Chinese refer to Korean as Chaoxian.
8.白族
By the 7th century the Bai people had established a powerful kingdom in Yunnan the Nanzhao, south of Dali. Initially allying its power with the Chinese against the Tibetans, this kingdom extended its power until, in the middle of the 8th century, it was able to challenge and defeat the Tang armies. It took control of a large slice of the southwest and established itself as a fully independent entity, dominating the trade routes from China and Burma. The Nanzhao kingdom fell in the 10th century and was replaced by the kingdom of Dali, an independent state that lasted until the Mongols overran it in the mid-13th century. After 25-centuries of resistance to northern rule, this part of the southwest was finally integrated into the empire as the province of Yunnan.
The Bai have had a close affiliation with the Han for centuries. The Bai are rice farmers from villages in the high plains of Yunnan, whose ancestors were among the original inhabitants of the region. The Bai are found in Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces. They are part of the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman ethno linguistic group. The Bai have close cultural ties with the Han, and are among the most acculturated of China's minority nationalities. We bought a Bai outfit for Bernice.
9.蒙古族
The Mongolian Hordes of Genghis Khan and his successors swept as far as Vienna in the 14th century. Probably less than 10 percent of Inner Mongolia's people are Mongolian today, but their population is increasing. Livestock, coal, iron, salt, steel, and grain are economically important, yet many Mongols remain semi nomadic. They follow their flocks in summer, covering great distances and living in tents called yurts. Their yearly Nadam Fair features stock sales and contests of horsemanship, wrestling, shooting, and archery. The Mongolians are found in Gansu, Qinghai Provinces and the Xinjiang and Nei Mongol Autonomous Regions. They also can be found in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei and Henan Provinces. The Mongolian language belongs to the Altaic family; there are many mutually understandable dialects. The Mongolian script, still is use today, dates from the early thirteenth century. The main religion is Lama Buddhism. They are part of the Altaic Mongol ethno linguistic group.
There are over 6,200 Mongolian in Yunnan Province in a compact group by the beautiful Jiluhu Lake. They are the descendants of the Mongolian horsemen left after Kublai Khan's conquest of Yunnan. The Mongolians in Yunnan are good at farming and fishing as well as civil construction. Their language is somewhat similar to that of the Mongolians of North China. In Yunnan the Mongolians do not live in the "Menggubao" tent used in Inner Mongolia, instead they live in houses.
10.纳西族
Lijiang is the base of the Naxi (also spelled Nakhi and Nahi) minority, who number about 278,000 in Sichuan and Yunnan. The Naxi are descended from Tibetan nomads and lived until recently in matriarchal families, though local rulers were always male. Women seem to run the show, certainly in the old part of Lijiang. The Naxi matriarchs maintained their hold over the men with flexible arrangements for love affairs. Both partners would continue to live in their respective homes; the boyfriend would spend the night at his girlfriend house but return to live and work at his mother's house during the day. Any children born to the couple belonged to the woman, who was responsible for bringing them up. The father provided support, but once the relationship was over so was the support. Women inherited all property, and disputes were adjudicated by female elders.
There are strong matriarchal influences in the Naxi language. Nouns enlarge their meaning when the word 'female' is added; conversely, the addition of the word for 'male' will decrease the meaning. For example, 'stone' plus 'female' conveys the idea of a boulder; 'stone' plus 'male' conveys the idea of a pebble.
The Naxi speak a language belonging to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman family. Traditional religions include the national worship of Dongba, lama Buddhism and Daoism. They are part of the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman ethno linguistic group.
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