英语翻译Thus we recognize that if the prise of something goes up

英语翻译
Thus we recognize that if the prise of something goes up we are less likely it to buy it than before – one of the laws of demand.
Another example is the case of diminishing returns .If a farmer uses chemicals he can increase his yield but after a certain time each additional unit produces less benefit – reduced marginal productivity – than before.
Micro – and Macro – Economics
Economics is a vast subject with branches and connections with other discipplines.T he central part of economics,however,is broadly divided into two areas.
Microeconomics (“micro – Greek for small )is concerned with the behaviour of small economic units – individuals ,households,and firms ;and the determination of price under various conditions.Macroeconomics (“micro – Greek for large ) is the study of large scale economic phenomena such as production,economic growth inflation and employment.
Certain topics ,however ,do not fit easily into either category,e.g.economic development and international trade.So it would be misleading to think of all economics as being either micro – or macrooriented.
The Market Economy
Whilst the nature of the choices confronting all societies is the same ,different methods of dealing with them are adopted .One method is to allow choices to be resolved by the free play of market forces.In this case,resources are allcocated through the price mechanism .This means that individuals ,as consumers ,freely choose which goods and services they will buy ,and producers.Hence market economics are often referred to as free enterprise or laissez-faire economics.
The characteristics of market economy are summarized below:
Limited role for the government
Market economics are characterised by nearly no government intervention .In a free – enterprise economy ,the government only builds up a framework of rules within both private individuals and firms conduct their business.
Right to own and dispose of private property
One important feature of market economy is the right of individuals to own private property,and to own and dispose of the factors of production.This means that any individual possessing the necessary factors is free to undertake production.Those I nvididuals are known as entrepreneurs.Since the entrepreneur hires the factors of production,he is a risk – taker; since he also decides how they will be production ,he is a risk – taker; since he also decides
Profit motive

因此,我们认识到如果一个物品的价格上涨,那么我们购买它的可能性相比以前就会降低.这是需求理论之一.
另一个例子就是边际收益递减的情况.如果农民使用农药,就能增加农作物的产量.但是到了一定的时间后,每单位产品所带来的收益比以前要少——边际生产力递减.
微观经济学和宏观经济学
经济学是一个庞大的学科,它有很多分支,与其他学科的联系也相当广泛.但是,经济学的核心部分被广泛的分为两部分.
微观经济学（“micro”希腊语表示“小”）是研究小经济体——个人,家庭和公司——的经济行为和不同情况下影响价格的因素.宏观经济学（“macro”希腊语表示“大”）是研究大范围经济现象的学科,像生产力,经济增长,通货膨胀和就失业情况等.
但是,特定的课题,并不能简单的适用于宏观经济学或微观经济学.例如,经济发展和国际贸易等.因此,这可能误导我们,使我们认为所有的经济行为不是属于微观导向的就是属于宏观导向的.
市场经济
不同的社会制度,处理经济选择的方式都是相似的.只要能解决问题,什么方法都可以采用.一个办法就是在市场自由运作的力量下自己选择.在这种情况下,资源通过价格机制进行分配.这也意味着,作为消费者的个体可以自由的选择买哪一种商品或服务；而生产者（后面应该还有）.因此,市场经济常常被认为是自由经济或者放任经济.
市场经济的特征总结如下：
小政府,大市场.
市场经济的特点是基本上无政府干预.在自由市场经济下,政府仅仅根据他们的商业情况为个体和公司制定一个行为规则框架.
对私有财产有拥有和处置权
市场经济的一个重要特点是个人对私人财产具有拥有权,并且能拥有和处置生产要素.这就意味着,任何拥有必要生产要素的个体都可以自由的去开展生产.这些个人就是所谓的企业家.一旦企业家雇佣了其他的生产要素,他就是风险家；一旦他也能决定生产要素怎样去生产,他就是风险家；一旦他也决定……
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