不定式的否定形式

在直接引语变间接引语时用

解题思路： 见下
解题过程：
直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化
英语中的直接引语变为间接引语时，根据实际情况的不同会发生不同程度的变化：句式变化、主句动词变化、从句人称变化、从句时态变化以及时间（地点）状语等变化。当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语时，其变法较易掌握，在此不再赘述。以下将为同学们讲解将直接引语为疑问句、祈使句及感叹句的句子变为间接引语时需注意的事项。
1. 直接引语是疑问句
1) 一般疑问句或选择疑问句变为间接引语时，变为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
“Are you ready?” the teacher asked the students.→The teacher asked the students whether / if they were ready.
Tom asked me, “Do you like tea or coffee?” →Tom asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.
若直接引语是否定的一般疑问句时，变为间接引语时常用whether... or not结构。 如：
“Don't you know Tom is waiting for you?” she asked me. →She asked me whether I knew Tom was waiting for me or not.
2) 反意疑问句变为间接引语时，可以用if或whether引导，但原来的问句部分不再存在。如：
“We have met somewhere before, haven't we?” she asked. →She asked (me) if / whether we had met somewhere before.
3) 特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，仍用原特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。如：
“What are you doing?” he asked me. →He asked (me) what I was doing.
4) 表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语时常用“ask / advise / tell + sb. + to do”结构。如：
“Would you mind opening the window?” he said.→He asked me to open the window.
2. 直接引语是祈使句
1) 表示要求、命令等含义的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，形成“ask / tell / order / warn等 + sb. to do”结构。如果是否定祈使句，则变为ask/tell/order/warn等+sb not to do...如：
She said to her husband, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→She told / asked her husband not to smoke in the hall.
2) 表示劝告、建议等意义的祈使句变为间接引语时，常用“suggest / say等 + that从句”或“suggest / advise + doing”结构。如：
“Let's have a rest,” Jack said.→Jack suggested having a rest.
3. 直接引语是感叹句
由what或how引导的感叹句变为间接引语时，可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。如：
“What a lovely day it is!” he said.→He said what a lovely day it was.或He said that it was a lovely day.
最终答案：略