英语翻译A defining condition of being human is that we have to u

英语翻译
A defining condition of being human is that we have to understand the meaning of our experience.For some,any uncritically assimilated explanation by an authority figure will suffice.But in contemporary societies we must learn to make our own interpretations rather than act on the purposes,beliefs,judgments,and feelings of others.Facilitating such understandings is the cardinal goal of adult education.Transformative learning develops autonomous thinking (Mezirow 1997,p.5).
Since first introduced by Jack Mezirow in 1978,the concept of transformativelearning has been a topic of research and theory building in the field of adult education (Taylor 1998).Although Mezirow is considered to be the major developer of transformative learning theory,other perspectives about transformativelearning--influenced by the work of Robert Boyd--are emerging.Following a discussion of transformative learning as conceptualized by Mezirow,this Digest describes research and theory building by Robert Boyd and its influence on current perspectives of transformative learning.Some suggestions for fosteringtransformative learning conclude the Digest.
MEZIROW AND TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING
The theory of transformative learning that has been developed by Mezirow during the past 2 decades has evolved "into a comprehensive and complex description of how learners construe,validate,and reformulate the meaning of their experience" (Cranton 1994,p.22).Centrality of experience,critical reflection,and rational discourse are three common themes in Mezirow's theory (Taylor 1998),which is based on psychoanalytic theory (Boyd and Myers 1988) and critical social theory (Scott 1997).
For learners to change their "meaning schemes (specific beliefs,attitudes,and emotional reactions)," they must engage in critical reflection on their experiences,which in turn leads to a perspective transformation (Mezirow 1991,p.167)."Perspective transformation is the process of becoming critically aware of how and why our assumptions have come to constrain the way we perceive,understand,and feel about our world; changing these structures of habitual expectation to make possible a more inclusive,discriminating,and integrating perspective; and,finally,making choices or otherwise acting upon these new understandings" (ibid.).
Perspective transformation explains how the meaning structures that adults have acquired over a lifetime become transformed.These meaning structures are frames of reference that are based on the totality of individuals' cultural and contextual experiences and that influence how they behave and interpret events (Taylor 1998).An individual's meaning structure will influence how she chooses to vote or how she reacts to women who suffer physical abuse,for example.

对人类的界定,就必须了解经验的意义.一些人认为,对于权威人物的观点应该接受.但是,在当今社会,我们必须学会自己的理解,而不是仅仅依照别人的意愿,信念,判断来行动.促进这种认识的形成是成人教育的根本目标.转化学习理论发展了自主性思维.
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