英语翻译 高手请指教5•4. Similar and Dissimilar Aspects Between

英语翻译 高手请指教
5•4. Similar and Dissimilar Aspects Between TV Talk Shows and Ordinary Conversations
All the data for the study in this paper are selected from the authentic materials from Artistic Life on CCTV-3. This thesis tends to explore this kind of institutional discourse from four systems: turn-taking, adjacency pair, repair apparatus and opening and closing structures applied to TV talk show that whether TV talk show interaction complies with or at the same time differs from the ordinary conversations in some aspects.
This TV talk show interaction conforms to the structure of ordinary conversations in terms of adjacency pair rules employing question-answer format. However, TV talk show diverges in structure from ordinary conversations in three ways: First, the allocation of turn between the host and the guest are sharply uneven, that is, the host-selected speaker accounts for 76.9 percent owing to the fact that the host has the right to select the guest as the next speaker, but the guest is not in the position to address questions to the host. Second, the turn-size of the guest is larger than that of the host. Third, the opening and closing of this TV talk show is strikingly dissimilar to that of naturally-occurring conversations.
5.4.2 Reasons for the Dissimilarity Between TV Talk Shows and Ordinary Conversations
TV talk show tends to diverge from ordinary conversations due to its institutional roles and the responsibilities of the host and the guest.
Clark and French propose a distinction between personal settings ad institutional settings. In personal settings, a free exchange of turns takes place among the two or more participants. The turns may be used to exchange gossip, conduct business, or do any number of things. In contrast, in institutional settings, “the participants engage in speech exchanges that resemble ordinary conversations, but are limited by institutional rules”. In general, in institutional discourse one participant is considered as the authorities figure and turns at talk are pre-allocated according to established distribution of per-formative roles.
In the course of this program, the host as an interviewer takes a dominant position, while the guest as an interviewee takes a subordinate position and in contrast to the symmetrical relationship between speakers in ordinary conversations, institutional interactions are characteristically asymmetrical.
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电视脱口秀与普通谈话的异同分析
本文使用了央视3套艺术人生节目的真实资料作为研究数据,并试图从几个方面探讨电视脱口秀作为一种正规机构的互动,与普通谈话的相似与不同,包括：对话轮次、问答相邻对、修正机制以及开场白和结束语.（译者注：“对话轮次”与“问答相邻对”是粗略参考了网上关于谈话研究的资料而采用的.）
从相邻对的规则来看,电视脱口秀采用了问答的形式,与普通谈话相同.然而从结构上讲,电视脱口秀又与普通谈话有着三大差异：首先,对话轮次的分配不均衡十分显著,主持人所选择的嘉宾发言比重占到76.9%,这当然是因为主持人有权选择下一位发言的嘉宾,而嘉宾却不能向主持人提问；第二,嘉宾发言的比重大于主持人；第三,电视脱口秀的开场白和结束语与普通谈话大相径庭.
5.4.2电视脱口秀与普通谈话差异的成因
电视脱口秀具有正规机构的角色,主持人和嘉宾也各有职责,因而往往与普通谈话存在差异.
Clark与French提出了个人社交结构与机构正规化结构的差异.在个人社交结构中,两人或多人之间的对话轮次是自由交换的.这些对话轮次可能是闲聊、谈生意或其他千变万化的内容.相反,在机构正规化结构中,“交谈的形式与普通谈话相似,但同时受到机构正规制度的约束”.一般说来,正规化节目的参与者被看作是权威人物,而谈话轮次也根据各人按规定所扮演的角色进行了预定分配.
在节目的进程中,主持人作为访问者占主导地位,而嘉宾作为受访者处于从属地位.普通谈话的参与者处于对等关系,正规机构的互动节目则恰恰相反,具有明显的不对等特征.